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二通插装阀液压系统实例分析
二通插装阀以其独特的优点以及经济和技术上的明显优势被广泛应用到各个行业。在集成的液压元件中,当通径小于32mm时,可采用叠加
阀,当通径大于中32mm时,应考虑采用插装阀。在一个液压系统中,可根据需要,液压控制阀全部采用二通插装阀;也可以部分液压控制阀采用滑阀式,另一部分液压控制阀采用二通插装阀,充分发挥两种液压控制阀各自的优点。
压力机械属于重型机械,主要应用于冶金行业.重型机械制造、化工等行业,如冲压机、锻造机、剪切机、粉末制品压力机、挤压机等。压力机械的动力及控制部分多数采用液压传动,由于液压系统所需的压力高、流量大,故适于用二通插装阀来控制液压系统的压力、流量和流动方向。
使用二通插装阀的粉末制品液压机液压系统分析
控制上液压缸的液压阀采用了二通插装阀,
控制下液压缸的液压阀采用了滑阀。粉末制品液压机与普通液压机有所不同,下缸装有控制活塞高位置的限程机构,调节限程机构,可控制模具中的装料量。下缸带有中心缸,以满足不同制品的工艺要求。
由于主机各液压缸的大小和速度相差较大,所需流量也有较大差别,液压系统采用压力补偿轴向柱塞变量泵,可以根据负载的大小,自动变换泵输出的流量,以适应不同工作状态压力和流量的不同要求。液压控制阀采用了二通插装阀与滑阀混合使用,以发挥两种控制阀各自的优点。在液压系统中,上缸液压系统需要大流量,使用了二通插装阀,下缸液压系统需要小流量,使用滑阀,以降低成本。
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液压传动系统的组成
1、液压动力原件
将动力装置的机械能转换成为液压能的装置,其作用是为液压传动系统提供压力油,是液压传动系统的动力源。例如液压泵。
1.1液压泵
液压泵是液压系统的动力元件,其作用是将原动机的机械能转换成液体的压力能,指液压系统中的油泵,它向整个液压系统提供动力。液压泵的结构形式一般有齿轮泵、叶片泵和柱塞泵。
1.2齿轮泵
齿轮泵即依靠密封在个壳体中的两个或两个以上齿轮,在相互啮合过程中所产生的工作空间容积变化来输送液体的泵。齿轮泵的概念是很简单的,即它的最基本形式就是两个尺寸相同的齿轮在一个紧密配合的壳体内相互啮合旋转,这个壳体的内部类似“8”字形,两个齿轮装在里面,齿轮的外径及两侧与壳体紧密配合。来自于挤出机的物料在吸入口进入两个齿轮中间,并充满这一空间,随着齿的旋转沿壳体运动,最后在两齿啮合时排出。困油现象齿轮泵要平稳工作,齿轮啮合的重合度必须大于1, 于是总有两对齿轮同时啮合, :并有一部分油液被围困在两对轮齿所围成的封闭容腔之间。这个封闭的容腔开始随着
齿轮的转动逐渐减小,以后又逐渐加大。封闭腔容积的减小会使被困油液受挤压而产生很高的压力,并且从缝隙中挤出,导致油液发热,并致使机件受到额外的负载,而封闭腔容积的增大又造成局部真空,使油液中溶解的气体分离,产生气穴现象。这些都将产生强烈的振动和噪音,这就是齿轮泵的困意现象。
危害:径向不平衡力很大时能使轴弯曲,齿顶与壳体接触,同时加速轴承的磨损,降低轴承的寿命。
消除困油现象方法:通常是在两侧盖板上开卸荷槽,使封闭腔容积诚小时通过左边的卸荷槽与压油腔相通,容积增大时通过右边的卸荷槽与吸油腔相通。
1.3叶片泵
叶片泵即通过叶轮的旋转,将动力机的机械能转换为水能(势能、动能、压能)的水力机械。
叶片泵转子旋转时,叶片在离心力和压力油的作用下,尖部紧贴在定子内表面上。这样两个叶片与转子和定子内表面所构成的工作容积,先由小到大吸油后再由大到小排油,叶片旋转一周时,完成两次吸油与排油。
1.4柱塞泵
柱塞泵即利用柱塞在泵缸体内往复运动,使柱塞与泵壁间形成容积改变,反复吸入和排;出液体并增高其压力的泵。
柱塞泵是液压系统的一个重要装置。它依靠柱塞在缸体中往复运动,使密封工作容腔的容积发生变化来实现吸油、压油。柱塞泵具有额定压力高、结构紧凑、效率高和流量调节方便等优点,被广泛应用于高压、大流量和流量需要调节的场合,诸如液压机、工程机械和船舶中。
力士乐REXROTH液压元件应用行业:注塑机、吹塑机、橡胶和发泡机、陶瓷压机、同步折弯机(折板机),、剪板机(剪床)、冲切/步冲、金属压力机、弯曲/锯床、机床、食品机械、皮革/鞋机、木材/造纸机械、钢铁业/铸造、压铸机/挤压机、电厂、生态能源(风能-水力-太阳能)设备、油和天然气工业设备、混凝土泵、路机、钻井/开采设备、起重机、升降机/叉车、推土机、道路,隧道,水坝工程设备、压缩机、街道维修设备、模拟器/娱乐设备、卡车、铁路工程设备、航空工业设备、船舶/航海工业设备、打谷机/喷洒机、拖拉机/收割机。