portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">电快速瞬变脉冲群EFT是电气和机电设备中常见的一种瞬态干扰,是由继电器、接触器、电动机、变压器等电感器件产生的,是时间很短但幅度很大的电磁干扰,是一连串的脉冲,可以在电路输入端产生累计效应,使干扰电平的幅度超过电路的噪声门限,对电路形成干扰。
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">电快速瞬变脉冲群由大量脉冲组成,具有如下特点:
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">1) 幅值在100V至数千伏;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">2) 脉冲频率在1kHz至1MHz;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">3) 单个脉冲的上升沿在纳秒级,脉冲持续时间在几十纳秒至数毫秒;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">4) EFT所形成的骚扰信号频谱分补非常宽,数字电路对它比较敏感,易受到干扰。
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">二、电快速瞬变脉冲群常见抑制方法
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">1) 减小PCB接地线公共阻抗:增加PCB接地导线的面积,减小电感量成分;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">2) 加接EFT电感瞬态干扰抑制网络:在电感元件上并接压敏电阻、阻容电路、二极管、TVS管、背靠连接的稳压二极管等;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">3) 电源或信号干扰源输入口,使用滤波器或吸收器等滤波元器件,选用磁珠的内径越小、外径越大、长度越长越好;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">4) 电子元器件选择时,选用性能可靠的关键器件;做过芯片级的电磁兼容仿真试验,质量可靠的元器件选用可提升对电快速瞬变脉冲信号的抑制能力;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">4) PCB布局时,将干扰源远离敏感电路;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">5) PCB布线时注意线缆的隔离,强弱电的布线隔离、信号线与功率线的隔离,各类走线要尽量短,
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">6) 正确使用接地技术,减小环路面积;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">7) 安装瞬态干扰吸收器;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">8) 软件设计时,考虑避免干扰对系统的影响,软件上应正确检测和处理告警信息,及时恢复产品的状态;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">9) I/O信号进出由完全隔离的变压器或光耦连接,更好的实现隔离;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">10) 使用高阻抗的共模或差模电感滤波器
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">11) 使用铁氧体磁环;
portant; margin-bottom: 20px !important; width: auto !important; line-height: 2em !important;">portant; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px !important; width: auto !important;">12) 在PCB层电源输入位置要做好滤波,通常采用的是大小电容组合,根据实际情况可以酌情再添加一级磁珠来滤除高频信号;13) 组装生产环节中应严把质量关,做好生产工艺流程控制,尽量保证产品质量的一致性,减少因个别产品质量问题带来的测试不合格现象