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广泛分布在非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南和南亚及东南亚以至中国南部边境的热带;主产于印度、泰国、柬埔寨、越南等国。中国云南省西双版纳地区也有小的种群。非洲象和非洲森林象则广泛分布于整个撒哈拉以南的非洲大陆,喜欢群居。亚洲象历曾广布于中国长江以南的南亚和东南亚地区,现分布范围已缩小,主要产于印度、泰国、柬埔寨、越南等国。中国云南省西双版纳地区也有小的种群。非洲象则广泛分布于整个撒哈拉以南非洲大陆。象栖息于多种生境,尤喜丛林、草原和河谷地带。
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雌性亚洲象没有,只有雄性亚洲象长有,上门齿突出于口外,略向上翘,的长达1.5~1.8米。口中一般每侧有三个前和三个后,食用高纤维的食品,树叶、草类等,并不是同时长出,现存的磨损后,新的才长出来,所以如果后一颗(第六颗)大约在60岁以后磨损后,老象可能死于营养不良,如果继续饲喂磨碎的食品,它有可能继续活下去。