3-DG-180(3-EV-160)电动车蓄电池，属于观光车、游览车、巡逻车专用电瓶，6V的电压，180AH的容量，可选火炬蓄电池、骆驼蓄电池、邱健Trojan等品牌作为主机动力来源，电动观光车蓄电池的正极板是由板栅和活性物质组成的．在蓄电池反复的充放电循环过程中，随着极板上下不同物质的交替变换，将会使极板空率逐渐下降，在外观表现上，则是正极板的表面由开始的坚实逐渐的松软直到变成糊状，活性物质容易脱落，形成“黑水”，这就是所谓的正极板软化。电动观光车蓄电池经常大电流充放电、过放电都会加剧极板软化。蓄电池一次加入的电解液，应高于极板15~20mm。在使用的过程中，只补充去离子水或蒸馏水，不能再补充含有硫酸的电解液。电解液在蓄电池的使用中，其中的硫酸并不消耗，散失掉的只是其中的水分。补充水分必须在充电前进行，充电停止后补充水会加速电池的自放电。对电动观光车蓄电池的一次充电，初充电一定要充足。初充电不足会使蓄电池的结构容量发生部分硫化，导致蓄电池性能下降。用恒定电流充电是保障充足的必要条件。用恒流充入的电量应不少于标称容量的2倍。3-DG-180(3-EV-160)蓄电池是广州贝朗斯销量比较多的型号，性能稳定。蓄电池在高温季节使用时，主要存在过充电的问题。这是因为蓄电池温度升高时，各活性物质的活性增加，正极析氧电位下降，负极析氧电位也下降（负值下降）。因此充电时充电反应速度快，充电电流大，需要的充电电压较低，为防止过高的充电电压，故此应尽量降低蓄电池温度，保证良好散热，防止在烈日曝晒后即充电，并应远离热源。蓄电池在低温情况下，各活性物质的活度降低，其电极板上铅的溶解变得困难，致使充电时消耗铅后很难得到补充，因而充电电流大幅度下降。正极板在－20℃时充电接受电流仅为常温时的70%，而负极板充电受膨胀剂的影响，低温充电接受能力更低，－20℃时的充电接受电流仅为常温下的40％。因此低温条件下，充电主要存在充电接受能力差、充电不足的问题，故此，应提高充电电压并适当延长充电时间。实践证明，改善蓄电池低温性能主要应从负极板着手。低温使用时对蓄电池应采取保温防冻措施，特别是充电时应放在温暖的环境中，以有利于保证充足电，防止不可逆硫酸盐的产生，延长蓄电池的使用寿命。铅酸蓄电池保证有一定使用寿命的技术指标，是在环境温度为25℃时给出的。由于单体铅酸蓄电池电压具有温度每上升l℃下降约4mV的特性，那么一个由6个单格蓄电池串联组成的12V蓄电池．25℃时的浮充电压为l3.5V。当环境温度降为0℃时，浮充电压应为14.lV;当环境温度升至40℃时，浮充电压应为13.14V。与此同时，铅酸蓄电池还有一个特性，即当环境温度一定时，充电电压比要求的电压高lOOmV，充电电流将增大数倍，因此，将导致蓄电池热失控和过充损坏。但是当充电电压比要求电压低1OOmV时，则又会使蓄电池因充电不足而早期损坏。另外，铅酸蓄电池的容量也和温度有关。通常是温度每降低1℃，容量将下降1%。所以有的车辆使用说明书规定，使用者在夏天蓄电池放出额定容量的50%，冬天放出25%后就应及时充电。一个实际情况是日常使用的铅酸蓄电池不可能长期处在25℃的环境中。因此目前销售市场上普遍使用的各种晶闸管整流型、变压器降压整流型以及一般的开关稳压电源型铅酸蓄电池充电机。由于多为以恒压或恒流方式对蓄电池进行充电，因而是无法达到铅酸蓄电池补充充电所需要满足的技术条件，故此，铅酸蓄电池出现硫化现象不可避免。3-DG-180 (3-EV-160) electric vehicle battery, belonging to the tour bus, tour bus, Patrol Special car battery, 6V voltage, 180AH capacity, optional torch battery, camel storage battery and Qiu Jian Trojan brand as the host power source, electric sightseeing car battery positive plate is composed of grid and active material. In the battery again the charge discharge cycle process, with alternating different material on the plate, the plate will make the air rate gradually decreased, in appearance, is the surface of the positive plate from the beginning of the solid gradually until it becomes soft paste, active material easy to fall off, the formation of "black water", this is the so-called positive plate softening. Electric sightseeing car battery often high current charge discharge, over discharge will increase the plate softening. The electrolyte for the first time should be higher than the plate 15~20mm. In the process of using, only deionized water or distilled water can be added, and the electrolyte containing sulfuric acid can no longer be added. Electrolyte in the use of the battery, the sulfuric acid is not consumed, lost only one of the water. Added water must be carried out before charging, recharge after the water will accelerate the battery self discharge. Electric sightseeing car battery for the first time, the initial charge must be sufficient. Lack of initial charge will make the battery capacity of the structure of partial sulfide, resulting in decreased battery performance. Charging with constant current is a necessary condition for adequate protection. Constant current charge should be no less than 2 times the nominal capacity. 3-DG-180 (3-EV-160) battery is Guangzhou Bei lens more sales model, stable performance. When the battery is used in the high temperature season, the main problem of overcharge. This is because when the battery temperature increases, the activity of the active substances increases, the oxygen evolution potential decreases, and the oxygen evolution potential of the negative electrode decreases. Therefore, when charging the charging reaction speed, charging current, charging voltage is lower, in order to prevent the charging voltage is too high, so we should try to reduce the battery temperature, to ensure good heat dissipation, to prevent charging in the sun, and should be kept away from heat. Under the condition of low temperature, the activity of each active material is reduced, and the dissolution of lead on the electrode plate becomes difficult, so it is difficult to get the lead after charging. When the positive plate is charged at 20 DEG C, the charging current is only about the same as that at normal temperature, while the negative plate charge is affected by the expansion agent, and the low temperature charging acceptance ability is lower, and the charging current at the temperature of 20 DEG C is only about the same as that of the normal temperature at the temperature of 40%. Therefore, under low temperature conditions, the main charge of the charging capacity is poor, the problem of insufficient charging, therefore, should increase the charging voltage and the appropriate extension of the charging time. Practice has proved that the improvement of the low temperature performance of the battery should start from the negative plate. The battery should be taken when using low temperature insulation antifreezing measures, especially the charge should be placed in a warm environment, in order to ensure adequate electricity, prevent irreversible sulfate production, prolong the service life of the battery. Lead acid battery has a certain service life of the technical indicators, the environmental temperature is 25 degrees. Because of the characteristics of single lead-acid battery voltage with temperature rise l degrees decreased about 4mV, then a 6 cell battery composed of.25 12V Series C when the floating voltage is l3.5V. When the ambient temperature is reduced to 0 DEG C, float voltage should be 14.lV; when the temperature reaches 40 degrees Celsius, the floating voltage should be 13.14V. At the same time, the lead-acid battery has a characteristic, that is when the environment temperature, the charging voltage higher than lOOmV voltage requirements, charging current will increase several times. Therefore, the battery will lead to thermal runaway and overcharge damage. However, when the charging voltage is lower than the required voltage 1OOmV, the battery will be damaged due to lack of charge and early damage. In addition, the capacity of lead-acid batteries and temperature. Usually the temperature decreases by 1 degrees C, the capacity will drop by 1%. Therefore, some of the provisions of the vehicle manual, the user in the summer of 50% of the rated capacity of the battery release, after the release of the winter should be charged in 25%. A practical case is the daily use of lead-acid batteries can not be long-term in 25 degrees Celsius environment. Therefore, the current market widely used in a variety of thyristor rectifier, transformer step-down rectifier and the general switching power supply type lead-acid battery charger. Due to constant voltage or constant current charging mode of battery, so it is unable to achieve the lead-acid battery charging technology needed to meet the conditions, therefore, the lead-acid battery vulcanized inevitable phenomenon.
http://www.ccsobattery.com/yyzsshow.asp?nid=489&lid=90